Freshness is observable behavior

A cache is part of the product whenever readers depend on seeing recently published material. Fast responses are valuable, but stale content can undermine trust in the publishing workflow.

Define what freshness means for each view. An article detail, a category list, and a site navigation menu may need different invalidation rules.

Invalidate by ownership

A useful design ties cached data to the site and content areas that own it. Publishing an article can advance the site's content cache version without flushing unrelated tenants or infrastructure-wide keys.

Tests should exercise the visible outcome: publish a change, request the public page again, and verify that the updated content appears.